The comparison of robot-assisted laparoscopic and open pyelolithotomy in the management of nonstaghorn renal calculi larger than 2 cm / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of robot-assisted laparoscopic pyelolithotomy (RALPL) as the surgical management for nonstaghorn renal calculi larger than 2 cm. Methods Among the patients admitted to our hospital for nonstaghorn renal calculi larger than 2 cm between Jun. ,2013 and Jun. ,2017, a retrospective analysis was performed on the treatment outcome of patients undergoing RALPL (48 cases) and open pyelolithotomy (OPL) (44 cases). The initial stone-free rate, mean operating time, hemoglobin drop, off-bed activity time and hospital stay were compared between two groups. Results Compared with OPL group, RALPL group had a higher initial stone-free rate (91. 66% vs. 70.45%, P < 0.05), and had significant lesser hemoglobin drop, shorter operating time, off-bed activity time and hospital stay. There was no ClavienⅡ or above complications in RALPL group, but there were 2 cases of ClavienⅡcomplications in OPL group. Conclusions Transperitoneal approach RALPL has a better visual angle to observe renal pelvis and calyces, and can ensure a higher initial stone-free rate under the conditions of low intrarenal pelvic pressure and leaving renal parenchyma and vessels intact. RALPL is a minimally invasive, effective and safe treatment, and is an alternative indication for renal calculi larger than 2 cm (including renal pelvis stones with accompanying renal calyceal stones).

Yinxingye Capsule Intervened Vascular Endothelial Cell Apoptosis of Hyperhomocysteinemia Rats: an Experimental Study / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore targets of Chinese herbal medicine at cellular and molecular leve1s through an experimental study on Yinxingye Capsule (YC) intervening vascular endothelial cell apoptoeis of hyperhornocysteinemia (HHcy) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The HHcy model was prepared in male Wistar rats. Totally 42 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e., the control group (n =10), the model group (n = 11), the YC group (n =11), the folic acid group (n =10). Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) solution (1%) was administered to rats in the control group by gastrogavage.3% methionine suspension at 1. 5 g/kg was administered to rats in the model group by gastrogavage. 3% methionine suspension at 1. 5 g/kg and folic acid suspension at 0. 06 g/kg was administered to rats in the folic acid group by gastrogavage. 3% methionine suspension at 1. 5 g/kg and YC at 0. 02 g/kg was administered to rats in the YC group by gastrogavage. Morphological changes of aortic tissue were observed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. The plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level was detected in each group. The endothelium-dependent diastolic functions of the thoracic aorta on different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and acetylcholine (Ach) were detected. Gene expressions of Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), c-Fos, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (c-IAP2) were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pathological results showed that thickening aortic endothelium, swollen and desquamated endothelial cells. Few foam cells could be seen in the model group. Myoma-like proliferation of smooth muscle cells in tunica media could also be seen. These pathological changes were milder in the YC group and the folic acid group. Compared with the control group, plasma Hcy levels increased in the model group (P <0. 05). The endothelium-dependent diastolic rates at 10(-6) and 10(-4)mol/L Ach and 10(-7) -10(-3)mol/L SNP all decreased in the model group (P <0. 01, P <0. 05). Gene expressions of Bax, c-Fos, and iNOS increased, but c-IAP2 gene expressions decreased in the model group (all P <0. 05). Compared with the model group, plasma Hcy levels decreased in the YC group and the folic acid group (P <0. 05). The endothelium-dependent diastolic rates increased in the YC group and the folic acid group at various SNP concentrations except 10(-6) mol/L SNP in the folic acid group. The endothelium-dependent diastolic rates increased in the YC group and the folic acid group at 10(-6) and 10(-4)mol/L Ach (all P <0. 05). Gene expressions of Bax, c-Fos, and iNOS decreased in the YC group and the folic acid group, but c-IAP2 gene expression increased in the folic acid group (all P <0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>YC could reduce plasma Hcy levels, down-regulate gene expressions of Bax, c-Fos, and iNOS, thereby reducing apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells, improving vascular endothelial function, and delaying atherosclerotic process.</p>

An experimental study on high intensity focused ultrasound combined with mitomycin treatment of bladder tumor / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the therapeutic effect and synergistic inhibition effect of high intensity focused ultrasound in combination with mitomycin on T739 mice bladder tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BTT739 tumor-bearing mice receiving HIFU and/or mitomycin in two weeks, were divided into control group, low dose chemotherapy group, high dose chemotherapy group, HIFU group and HIFU combined chemotherapy group. The growth of mice tumor volume was observed in two weeks, by which we counted tumor volume doubling time and performed the growth curve. All specimens were analysed histologically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HIFU combined mitomycin has significant synergistic inhibition effect. Tumor tissue damage such as huge coagulation necrosis was observed using light microscopy. However, there were still some remaining alive cells. The apoptosis of tumor cell in HIFU group and HIFU combined chemotherapy group obviously increased in comparison with other groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HIFU group, HIFU combined chemotherapy group can distinctively inhibit tumor growth; HIFU combined with mitomycin has notable synergistic inhibitory effect. HIFU may induce the apoptosis of tumor cell.</p>